Over past 20 years, although Taiwan government, with the requirements of International Green Convention, and gradually adjusts sustainable economic and industrial policy, in real industry expansion is continuous development and planning of high energy consumption and high carbon biochemical industry, and at different stages Triggering major social struggles. And even in facing of international carbon reduction and domestic environmental movement double pressure, but still cannot stop emerging industrialized countries often to expand energy-intensive industries, in particular, can be made into a variety of people's livelihood petrochemical industry as the main means of rapid economic expansion. Year-round comparison of petrochemical industry, energy-intensive industries, industrial sector energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions, energy intensity and GDP contribution, we can see, nearly 10 years of petrochemical industry, energy consumption and emissions accounted for the proportion of country increased, and drove country's growth; however, the proportion of its contribution to GDP has not increased, but has been maintained at a low flat level. In other words, it shows that most of the petrochemical industry has remained in the low-value-added products of energy consumption for more than a decade and has not been actively transitioned. Taiwan, which is highly dependent on long-term energy, has the problem of structural change of Taiwan's industrial transformation, in addition to the systematic cause of high energy consumption and high-emission carbon in the country, which has not changed for a long time.

Taiwan due to lack of natural resources, in 20 years, nearly 98% of energy were from foreign imports, imports of energy dependence is quite high, 97.53% (2015), 97.75% (2014), 97.58% (2013), 97.49% (2012), 97.68% (2011), and the number of imported energy increased steadily with the growth of economy. In recent years, the number of imported energy is 144,554 kiloliters of oil equivalent (1000KLOE) (2014), 140,129 kiloliters of oil equivalent (1000KLOE) (2013), 137,695 kiloliters of oil equivalent (1000KLOE) (2012). Corresponding to high degree of dependence on energy imports, energy consumption in structure, since 1990, nearly 20 years, Taiwan's energy consumption increased steadily, and since 1995 in addition to transport sector, service sector and housing sector increased stably slightly higher, mainly in the energy consumption of the substantial growth of industrial sector; industrial sector energy consumption in year 2000 exceeded 45%, accounting for nearly 50% in 2005, accounting for 52.5% in 2009, accounting for up to 53.61% in 2010. These trends show that Taiwan's energy consumption has increased significantly with the growth of industrial sector, which is the main reason for energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions growth. And did not follow important climate change carbon reduction policy and industrial restructuring plan, go for clear turn, but run reversely.

In addition, in recent years, Taiwan's air pollution issues have been constantly fermented and warming, causing social and civic groups of broad attention and public opinion. However, the problem of air pollution is not only related to the conflict between environmental protection and economic development, but also to the health risks of our people, and will further lead to the risk distribution of environmental injustice under national governance. It can be found that the air pollution of human society, in fact, presents a typical risk of social characteristics, because "air and people" have close relationship, the most direct impact is physical life problem. Therefore, environmental pollution control subject of air pollution, in fact, the dangerous test of government's risk management model, if take traditional thinking to deal with environmental policy, delivery single type of administrative organs of air pollution control policies, it may make government suffer from people’s distrust and protest conflict. Therefore, the issues need to be coordinated across different government departments and cross-domain governance in order to solve environmental problems under air pollution, health hazards and environmental education and other issues.

In this regard, the project that Taiwan's industrial and energy transformation issues should be discussed with air pollution control issues, and conduct in-depth study. To follow risk society, regulatory science theory and other macro-perspective and ways, by literature review method to study advanced countries and organizations how to deal with air pollution control; also by experts, focus groups and other research methods for more in-depth and clarify the status of our air pollution control policy, standardize the standards and dilemma problems. Such as how to solve our central and southern regions industries, manufacturing counties and cities air pollution emissions affect industrial and manufacturing industry and county pollution? At present, allocation of air control area can effectively carry out pollution control responsibility? The implementation of total air pollution control conditions, the plight of control policy and lack of legal system? How does government effectively carry out the risk communication on air pollution? The purpose of this study is to explore Taiwan's past economic-driven development model, bringing high energy consumption, high carbon structure, confronting the confrontation between low carbon sustainability and air quality requirements, and the development of environmental and health dilemma governance transformation needs.